This study aims at determining the training strategies of sports and physical education teachers related to the skills of using modern technology in teaching, by identifying the training needs of these teachers, and assisting educational training inspectors to develop training programs to address the real necessities of physical education instructors by applying modern skills. Besides, it seeks to help the inspectors to prepare teachers of education before working at universities and colleges in order to develop appropriate education programs and courses according to the actual needs of students. The importance of this research also revolves around both the search for developing the physical education and sports curricula in terms of their reliance on modern methods used for the teaching technics, and the orientation towards identifying weaknesses and shortcomings in the programs of preparing and training educators and thus heading to the adoption of modern technology in the teaching process.

The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of sprain ankle joint in oscillation of center of gravity and symmetry of gait parameters in athletic players. Two groups were compared: 10 with unilateral ankle sprain symptoms Sprain ankle group (SAG), mean 1 months after sprain ankle (Age= 21,56 ± 2,27, body mass = 68,93 ± 10,41 ±10, 21 kg, height 173,75 ± 7,54 cm), and 10 matched controls (CG), had bilateral non-injured ankles, no history of ankle inversion sprain or lower-extremity pathology, including fracture, sprain or arthritis. (Age= 20, 62 ± 1, 5, body mass = 71, 12 ± 8, 97, 97 kg, height =179, 75 ± 9, 52 cm). They participated voluntarily in our study. They are a member of the national elite and the follower of the collective physical activities. For gait, the Motion Analysis® system is used, to determine spatiotemporal variability of the lower limb during comfortable-speed walking. For Static balance assessment“ Balance Master®” provides objective assessment of single-limb (right and left) stance postural stability with the eyes opened (EO) on the firm surface. This assessment quantifies the postural sway velocity of each leg. For spatiotemporal parameters, injured limb have a significant decrease in Length of step, Length of the strike, in single support time and in width step, but significant increase in cadence and in initial double support time (p<0,05). For one leg stance, results are expressed in terms of speed of oscillation of the center of gravity (CG), of uninjured (UM)/injured member (IM) for SAG and dominant (MD)/non-dominant (ND) Member CG, Oscillations of CG are statistically higher (p < 0.05) in injured, limb compared to healthy and control group. Sprain ankle leads to altered movement patterns and stability balance not only in injured limb but also in uninjured limb and relative to controls during both gait and static one leg stance. This study shows that alterations of gait patterns and postural balance can be correlated to deficits of the proprioceptive system. So proprioceptive training exercises can effectively stabilize an unstable ankle above for muscular and postural control.

TQM is important for large and medium enterprises, which means that regardless of the size of the enterprise, if the enterprise implements TQM in an effective manner, it will reap many fruits, and the constructive effects of TQM are not only limited to enterprises operating in developed countries. In developing countries TQM practices are applied in an effective manner; similar results can be achieved there as well. Therefore the importance of the study lies in the following: 1.The urgent need for continuous improvement in sports institutions 2. Ensuring that sports institutions achieve the goals for which they were established. The study aims to develop a proposal for the development of Libyan sports in the light of total quality management, by defining the following objectives: 1. Support and commitment of senior management towards achieving total quality management 2. The importance of training and continuous improvement of sports institutions in accordance with sustainable development. Study population and sample 1. The original community is represented by the General Authority for Youth and Sports, where the study community consists of two functional categories, namely, the senior management and the middle management, and their number is (58) researched. 2. General sports federations and their number is (39) sports federation, where the study population consists of (200) respondents, according to the latest statistics of the Libyan Olympic Committee 2020/2021, as the study notes. The most important conclusions that the researcher reached are: 1. There should be clarity in the relationship between planning in the current administrative situation and the development of Libyan sports in the light of total quality management in its dimensions. 2. There should be a relationship between the organization in the current administrative situation and the development of Libyan sports in the light of total quality management in its dimensions

The study aims to identify the impact of athletic training of various intensity on the immune system and the physical health of athletes.The researchers used the experimental approach with one- design (tribal and post) in order to suit with the nature and objectives of the research. The research sample included a random sample of Al-Mustaqbal Club athletes in the city of Al-Jamil. The number of sample members reached (19) athletes from the middle and senior category who regularly practice sports activities in sports clubs.The study population reached 80 athletes, which their age was between 17-19. The agreement of the sample members to take blood was obtained, and through the followed method and sample, the researchers came to the following conclusions: White blood cells were increased to high levels immediately after physical exertion, then returned to their rates after 24 hours.Red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and lymphocytes were, also, increased to high levels immediately after the exercise. 

The current study aimed at identifying the teaching competencies and evaluating the performance of physical education teachers in the intermediate education stage in the Western Mountain region in Libya in terms of competencies (teaching methods - implementation), where the researcher used the descriptive approach in addition to using a questionnaire form which consisted of (28) paragraphs as a study tool. The community consisted of all teachers of each of (Gharyan-Al-Asabaa-Kikla) in the Western Gabal region, whose number was (113) teachers, and the study sample consisted of (60) teachers. It is ahead of the adequacy of implementation, which was 66%, and to a large degree for each of them.

The purpose of this study was to determine, at the beginning of soccer training, the anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of Tunisian male adolescents. In this study, we evaluated 133 male soccer players, ranging in age from 13 to 15 years. The athletes participated in a formal soccer training program 3 times per week, with each training session lasting 2 hours. Anthropometric and physical fitness parameters were obtained. The results, expressed as the mean standard deviation and a p value <0.05, were considered to be significant. The height and body weight and leg length increased significantly with age (p ≤0.05). There was no significant difference in BMI. The 14 to 15 year-old boys were significantly faster and had greater lower limb power compared to 13-14 year-old boys (p ≤ 0.001)., The results (p ≤ 0.001) of the agility test indicated a significant increase in agility with age. Finally, VO2max (p <0.05) increased significantly with age. It was concluded that physical fitness characteristics of young male elite soccer players improved with, and were proportional to age. Adolescents benefitted greatly from regular physical activity. The present results show that prior to the initiation of formal training at soccer clubs, young male soccer players present adequate anthropometric conditions and physical fitness so that the resistance training of strength may be introduced at this age

The strength prevention training has beneficial effects for young soccer. Our aim is to identify effects of balance and stabilization training on physical fitness performance of young soccer players. 40 players who train regularly in soccer were divided into two groups (Prevention and control groups). The Prevention group performed a program of eight weeks of core postural stability training and muscle strengthening three times a week whereas the control group trains as usual. Sit-ups, push-ups, squat-jump five-jump tests, squat on one leg and jump test landing and 30 m speed were tested before and after the 8-weeks and strength training programme. Significant improvement was observed in the prevention group in sit-ups (21.26 ± 1.96 vs 25.57±2.06), push-ups (19.73 ± 2.25 vs 23.31± 2.26), squat-jump test landing (5.10± 2.45 vs 8.67±1.74) and in jump performance (5JT and SJ) (p≤0.05). Aspecial attention for the importance of the integration of stability, proprioception and balance training programs that is essential to optimize physical performance.

The present study is designed to evaluate time of day effects on fitness repeated sprints by a terrain test and a laboratory test. During the first phase, we analyzed the relative and absolute reproducibility of RSA (terrain) and RSA (labo) on 42 male subjects. The cycle of the test is to run 6 times a distance of 15m × 2, every 20s (±14s of passive recovery). The RSA (lobo) was performed in the same way on a Cycle-ergometer. The relative reproducibility was analyzed by the intra-class correlation coefficient. The absolute reproducibility was however analyzed by the Standard Error Measurement (SEM) and the Smallest Worthwhile Change (SWC). During the second phase, we studied the effect of time of day on performance indexes in RSA tests on 20 subjects. At this point, RSA tests were performed at two different times of the day, morning (8a.m – 9a.m) and evening (18p.m – 19p.m) at a randomized order and on two successive days. The results showed that in the first phase, Wt and Wi were the most reproducible with CCI > 0, 90. In the second phase, the power output increased in the evening (3451,25 ≠ 740,38 vs 3214,11 ± 689,53) but this difference was no longer significant in the next sprints. Taken together, these results suggest that the effect of time of day seems to concern only the performance in the first sprint of RSA regardless of the effort’s nature.